Switchable Micro-Lens Array for Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality

ABSTRACT

A see-through near eye display, which can be modulated in such a manner to synchronize with electronic enabled micro-lenses of a switchable micro-lens array, wherein when pixels of the near eye display are lit the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array are present; thus, a virtual image can be formed and seen by the eye of a user. When the see-through near eye display is not lit, the micro-lenses are not present, thus permitting a real image to be present.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application relies on the disclosures of and claims priority to and the benefit of the filing date of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/449,395 filed Jun. 22, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/289,623 filed Feb. 28, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/008,707 filed Jun. 14, 2018, which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/994,595 filed May 31, 2018, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The invention relates to an augmented reality (“AR”) and/or mixed reality (“MR”) system. The present invention is directed to, in embodiments, a sparsely populated see-through near eye display that can be aligned with micro-lenses of a micro-lens array allowing the eye of the user to see the real world, and thus a real image. The present invention is directed to a see-through near eye display, which can be modulated in such a manner to synchronize with electronic enabled micro-lenses of a switchable micro-lens array, wherein when pixels of the near eye display are lit the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array are present; thus, a virtual image can be formed and seen by the eye of a user. In aspects, when the see-through near eye display is not lit, the micro-lenses are not present thus permitting a real image to be present.

Description of Related Art

The use of a see-through near eye display used in association with an aligned micro-lens array has been attempted in the past. The challenge to making such a system work has been that light rays from far (real world) which produce the real image, as seen by the eye of a user, will in many cases enter a plurality of micro-lenses of the micro-lens array and become defocused or aberrated. Therefore, even if the micro-lens array properly produces a clear virtual image, as seen by the eye of a user, the same micro-lens array can cause the real image to be out of focus and thus not sharp resulting in a poor AR/MR experience. Thus, there is a need to permit light rays from the real world that pass through the near eye display to also pass through the micro-lens array without becoming defocused, distorted or aberrated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to embodiments of the invention, the invention is an augmented or mixed reality system comprising a see-through near eye display, which can be modulated in such a manner to synchronize with electronic enabled micro-lenses of a switchable micro-lens array, wherein when pixels of the near eye display are lit the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array are present and/or seen by the user. When the see-through near eye display is not lit, the micro-lenses are not present and/or not seen, and this state allows a real image to be seen by the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate certain aspects of embodiments of the present invention and should not be used to limit the invention. Together with the written description the drawings explain certain principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a micro-lens array according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a switchable micro-lens array according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a switchable micro-lens array according to an embodiment, wherein an embodiment is shown with power and without power.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the following discussion of exemplary embodiments is not intended as a limitation on the invention. Rather, the following discussion is provided to give the reader a more detailed understanding of certain aspects and features of the invention.

In certain embodiments, a sparsely populated see-through near eye display can be aligned with micro-lenses of a micro-lens array (see, e.g., FIG. 1) allowing the eye of the user to see the real world, thus a real image. This is accomplished by the eye of the wearer seeing light rays that travel between the pixels of the near eye display and between the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array. However, in certain circumstances, an amount of stray light will penetrate one or more micro-lenses of the micro-lens array. This will likely cause a loss of clarity and contrast of the AR image. When utilizing the invention herein, the see-through near eye display can be modulated in such a manner to synchronize with electronic enabled micro-lenses of a switchable micro-lens array, thus when pixels of the near eye display are lit the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array are present; thus a virtual image can be formed and seen by the eye of a user. When the see-through near eye display is not lit, the micro-lenses are not present, seen, or perceived, thus permitting a real image to be present. Given a faster modulation of both the pixels of the see-through near eye display and the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array (faster than that of when the eye of the user can distinguish an independent virtual image and an independent real image) the eye of the wearer/user will see augmented or mixed reality. Meaning, the eye of the wearer/user will see (or perceive) the real image become blended or combined with the virtual image.

The micro-lens array (“MLA”) can be comprised of, by way of example only, one or more of, an optic that is: plano-convex, bi-convex, convex, concave, aspheric, achromatic, diffractive, refractive, Fresnel lens, Gabor Super Lens, GIN Lens, prism, patterned electrode, electro-active lenslet, electro-active lens, electro-active optic, and/or liquid lens (electro wetting and/or mechanical). Such a micro-lens array can be made of, by way of example only, a plastic material, glass material, or a combination of both.

The electronic switchable micro-lens array can comprise, by way of example only, liquid crystal enabled waveplate lenses, liquid crystal enabled refractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled diffractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled Fresnel lenses, a blue phase liquid crystal enabled micro-lens array, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal micro-lens array, mechanically enabled liquid lenses, piezo enabled liquid lenses, and/or patterned electrodes mimicking a lens or optic.

A switchable micro-lens array can be designed so that when its optical power is turned on (meaning it is present or electrified in any manner) it alters light rays projected from the near eye display to cause a virtual image to be seen by the eye of a user; and, when the switchable micro-lens array has its optical power turned off, it allows light rays from the real world to pass through the micro-lens array completely or partially undistorted or unaltered, thereby forming a real image as seen or perceived by the eye of a user. (See, e.g., FIGS. 2 and 3.) In aspects, the micro-lens array comprises a plurality of micro-lenses or micro-lenslets. The micro-lenses that make up said micro-lens array may be comprised of one or more of the group of: plano-convex, bi-convex, convex, concave, aspheric, achromatic, diffractive, refractive, Fresnel lens, Gabor Super Lens, GIN Lens, prism, patterned electrode, electro-active lenslet, electro-active lens, electro-active optic, or liquid lens (electro wetting and/or mechanical). The electronic switchable micro-lens array is comprised of one or more of the group of, by way of example only, liquid crystal enabled waveplate lenses, liquid crystal enabled refractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled diffractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled Fresnel lenses, a blue phase liquid crystal enabled micro-lens array, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, mechanically enabled liquid lenses, piezo enabled liquid lenses, and/or patterned electrodes mimicking a lens or optic. The micro-lens array can be comprised of a plastic material. The micro-lens array can be comprised of a glass material. The micro-lens array can be comprised of a mixture of glass and plastic. The micro-lens array can be comprised of see-through, transparent, semi-transparent, reflective, semi-reflective, transmissive, partially transmissive, opaque, semi-opaque, and/or translucent material.

EXAMPLES

In one embodiment, an augmented reality or mixed reality system comprises an electronic switchable micro-lens array. The modulation of the electronically switchable micro-lens array can cause the virtual image to appear and disappear while the real image is always present, whether it is seen, not seen, perceived, or not perceived. This occurs due to the electronic switchable micro-lens array being turned on and off (its duty cycle, in aspects). In aspects, the modulation can be at a speed completely or partially faster than the brain can interpret the real image and the virtual image being individual images, thus causing the brain of the user to sum or combine the real image and the virtual image permitting the eye (and/or brain) of the user to see AR or MR. In such an embodiment, an electronic switchable micro-lens array turns its optical power on to alter light rays projected from a see-through near eye display, thereby causing a virtual image to be seen by the eye of a user. The switchable MLA turns its optical power off for allowing the light rays from the real world to pass through the micro-lens array partially or completely undistorted or unaltered, thereby forming a real image as seen by the eye of a user (and/or perceived by a brain of the user). In this particular embodiment, whether the micro-lenses are turned on or off, there is a real image being seen by the eye of a user. This occurs due to the spacing of the micro-lenses from one another and the spacing of the pixels of the see-through near eye display from one another.

In a second embodiment, both the micro-lens array and the micro-display are modulated synchronously. The pixels of the micro-display and the micro-lens array are populated in a dense manner, causing the fill factors to be high. In this embodiment, the real image is distorted by the micro-lens array, when the lenses are switched on. The real image therefore appears only when the micro-display and the micro-lens array are both switched off. The modulation of the electronically switchable micro-lens array will cause the virtual image to appear and disappear while the real image is modulated on and off (its duty cycle) at the same time as the virtual image. In this embodiment, the real image is only seen when the virtual image is not present. This occurs due to both the electronic switchable micro-lens array being turned on and off (its duty cycle) at the same time. The modulation can be at a speed faster than the brain can interpret the real image and the virtual image as being individual images, thus causing the brain of the user to sum or combine the real image and the virtual image permitting the eye of the user to see AR or MR. In such an embodiment, a switchable micro-lens array can turn the optical power of the micro-lenses of the micro-lens array that are aligned with pixels of such a see-through near eye display on to alter light rays projected from the see-through near eye display to cause a virtual image to be seen by the eye of a user (or perceived), and can turn optical power off for allowing the light rays from the real world to pass through the micro-lens array partially or completely undistorted or unaltered for forming a real image as seen by the eye of a user (or perceived).

The present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments having various features. In light of the disclosure provided above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the practice of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed features may be used singularly, in any combination, or omitted based on the requirements and specifications of a given application or design. When an embodiment refers to “comprising” certain features, it is to be understood that the embodiments can alternatively “consist of” or “consist essentially of” any one or more of the features. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention.

It is noted that where a range of values is provided in this specification, each value between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range as well. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary in nature and that variations that do not depart from the essence of the invention fall within the scope of the invention. Further, all of the references cited in this disclosure are each individually incorporated by reference herein in their entireties and as such are intended to provide an efficient way of supplementing the enabling disclosure of this invention as well as provide background detailing the level of ordinary skill in the art. 

1. An augmented reality system comprising a switchable micro-lens array, wherein when the switchable micro-lens array has its optical power turned on it alters light rays projected from pixels of a display allowing a virtual image to be seen by an eye of a user, and wherein when the switchable micro-lens array has its optical power turned off it allows light rays from a real world environment to pass through the micro-lens array to form a real image as seen by the eye of the user.
 2. The augmented reality system of claim 1, wherein the switchable micro-lens array comprises a plurality of micro-lenses or micro-lenslets.
 3. The augmented reality system of claim 2, wherein the micro-lenses or micro-lenslets comprising the micro-lens array comprise one or more of the group(s) of plano-convex, bi-convex, convex, concave, aspheric, achromatic, diffractive, refractive, Fresnel lens, Gabor Super Lens, GIN Lens, prism, patterned electrode, electro-active lenslet, electro-active lens, electro-active optic, and/or liquid lens (electro wetting and/or mechanical).
 4. The augmented reality system of claim 1, wherein the switchable micro-lens array comprises one or more of the group(s) of liquid crystal enabled waveplate lenses, liquid crystal enabled refractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled diffractive lenses or optics, liquid crystal enabled Fresnel lenses, a blue phase liquid crystal enabled micro-lens array, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, mechanically enabled liquid lenses, piezo enabled liquid lenses, and/or patterned electrodes mimicking a lens or optic.
 5. The augmented reality system of claim 1, wherein the micro-lens array comprises plastic material.
 6. The augmented reality system of claim 1, wherein the micro-lens array comprises glass material. 